Tiny Robot Hand Could Revolutionise In Utero Surgery

Welcome to the new world technology where a tiny robot hand could revolutionise in utero surgery. Almost A$18 million has been invested into building a tiny surgical hand that can operate on foetuses or deliver stem cells to damaged organs. 

The minuscule device would also provide 3D images of the foetus while it’s still in the womb.The ambitious projects aims to transform the way scientists treat congenital conditions such as spina bifida, a condition that in its most serious form affects around one in 1,000 babies and causes a baby to be born with an underdeveloped spine and neurological problems.The robot hand is still only in the research stage at University College London and KU Leuven in Belgium, The Guardian reports, but the Wellcome Trust-funded project has the potential to lead to less invasive surgical technologies that put mother and baby at less risk.

             

Right now, doctors treat spina bifada by “patching” the gap in the foetuses' spines. But currently they’re only able to perform surgery once the unborn baby is at least 26 weeks old, at which point considerable damage may have already been done to the child’s developing brain. They also have to open up the mother’s abdomen and uterus, causing a significant risk of premature birth.

The new hand works like tiny pincers, and it’s envisioned it would be inserted into the womb without needing to open up the mother, and then would use its 3D camera to guide doctors throughout the surgery.

Possessiveness: Builds or ruins a relation ??

Why we think too much? If I say….because we care the most about the special one. It is all right, but sometimes it causes the possessiveness.

Possessiveness: Builds or ruins a relation ??

It all depends on your partner because sometime people like it when their spouse is possessive about them. For them, it is a proof of true love and care, while on other side some partner do not like it because they feel lack of freedom and suffocation by their possessiveness.

Now the question is that.....Upto what certain level we should maintain the possessiveness to built a better relationship. It all depends upon the understanding between them.

Possessiveness is not a crime but you have to also remember that excess of anything is bad…!!

SMART Goal Setting Flow Chart

“SMART” is a goal-setting strategy that you can apply to each goal to ensure that it is capable of being achieved. This flowchart will help you determine whether or not your goals are achievable.

“Never treat somebody's cleverness as his life's smartness. Cleverness is to hide the weakness and the smartness is to project the strength of his weakness.”

How to make a Effective Presentation

Speech Delivery Tips

• Make sure that your appearance is well presented 
• Speak clearly, and adjust your voice so that everyone can hear you. 
• Don't shout for the sake of being loud 
• It is common to speak rapidly when nervous, try to take your time speaking 
• Effectively used, a pause in your speech can be used to emphasize a point, or to allow the audience to react to a fact, anecdote or joke 
• Make eye contact with your audience. This helps to build trust and a relationship between the speaker and the listeners 
• Do not fidget or make other nervous gestures with your hands 
• Do not keep your hands in your pockets 
• Do use hand gestures effectively 
• Be yourself, allow your own personality to shine in your speech

Optimization Technique

Introduction:

Optimization is the technique of obtaining best results under given circumstances.The 'Optimization Techniques' also known as 'Mathematical Programming Techniques' are the methods which gives which gives the best results, under the given conditions, to the given programming problems.

History of Optimization:

The main origin is the second world war. At that time the scientists of England were asked to study the strategic and tactical problems related to air and land defence of the country.Due to the limited resources, it was necessary to make utilization of them. Historically, the first term for optimization was "linear programming", which was due to George B. Dantzig, although much of the theory had been introduced by Leonid Kantorovich in 1939. Dantzig published the Simplex algorithm in 1947, and John von Neumann developed the theory of duality in the same year.The term, programming, in this context does not refer to computer programming. Rather, the term comes from the use of program by the United States military to refer to proposed training and logistics schedules, which were the problems Dantzig studied at that time

       

Computational Optimization Problem:

To solve problems, researchers may use algorithms that terminate in a finite number of steps,or iterative methods that converge to a solution 

1. Optimization algorithms

Simplex algorithm of George Dantzig, designed for linear programming. Extensions of the simplex algorithm, designed for quadratic programming and for linear-fractional programming.Variants of the simplex algorithm that are especially suited for network optimization. 

2. Iterative methods

The iterative methods used to solve problems of nonlinear programming differ according to whether they evaluate Hessians, gradients, or only function values. While evaluating Hessians (H) and gradients (G) improves the rate of convergence, for functions for which these quantities exist and vary sufficiently smoothly, such evaluations increase the computational complexity (or computational cost) of each iteration. In some cases, the computational complexity may be excessively high. 

Methods that evaluate Hessians (or approximate Hessians, using finite differences):
1.Newton's method
2.Sequential quadratic programming: A Newton-based method for small-medium scale constrained problems. Some versions can handle large-dimensional problems. 

Methods that evaluate gradients or approximate gradients using finite differences (or even subgradients): 

1.Quasi-Newton methods: Iterative methods for medium-large problems (e.g. N<1000). 

2.Conjugate gradient methods: Iterative methods for large problems. (In theory, these methods terminate in a finite number of steps with quadratic objective functions, but this finite termination is not observed in practice on finite–precision computers.) 

3.Interior point methods: This is a large class of methods for constrained optimization. Some interior-point methods use only (sub)gradient information, and others of which require the evaluation of Hessians. 

                        
Applications:
1.In bringing out new design
2.Planning of maintenance and replacement of equipment to reduce operating cost.
3.Controlling the idle and waiting times and queueing in production lines to reduce the costs .
4.Design of control system.
5.Inventory control.
6.Travelling salesman problem.

Introduction to Embedded System

It is really fantastic that today science has developed a lot. Today we can do everything in a very short period apart from our imagination.The technological world of today runs on a hidden technology called as Embedded Systems.Embedded systems are the name given to the chips within our mobile phones, modems and set-top boxes. These chips are the opposite of the normal chips that are deployed in our personal computers like laptops and desktops.

History:

In the earliest years of computers in the 1930–40s, computers were sometimes dedicated to a single task, but were far too large and expensive for most kinds of tasks performed by embedded computers of today. Over time however, the concept of programmable controllers evolved from traditional electromechanical sequencers, via solid state devices, to the use of computer technology.

One of the very first recognizably modern embedded systems was the Apollo Guidance Computers, developed by Charles Stark at the MIT Instrumentation Laboratory. At the project's inception, the Apollo guidance computer was considered the riskiest item in the Apollo project as it employed the then newly developed monolithic integrated circuits to reduce the size and weight.Since these early applications in the 1960s, embedded systems have come down in price and there has been a dramatic rise in processing power and functionality. The first microprocessor for example, the Intel 4004 was designed for calculators and other small systems but still required external memory and support chips. Nowadays microcontrollers are cheap and readily available for hobbyists, with large online communities around certain processors.

Growth Of Android In Embedded System:

Linux has continuously grown in the embedded systems market for over a decade, gaining market share from proprietary operating systems. The proliferation of embedded devices, the explosion of open source development, the inherent hardware support, the incredible networking capabilities and the royalty-free economic model have all helped propel use of the Linux kernel into one of the best choices for the design of new embedded systems. While the success of Linux in the embedded market can not be denied, its notoriety was once confined to mostly technical professionals. That changed in 2008 with Google’s release of the Android mobile phone operating system, based on the Linux kernel. Thus began the tremendous growth of Linux in the consumer world, with over one million Android devices being activated every day in 2012 and predictions of total Android devices shipped reaching one billion in 2013.
Embedded System In Automobiles:

An embedded system is defined as a computer system with a fanatical function surrounded by a larger mechanical or electrical system, frequently with real time computing constriction.Nearly each and every car that ways off the manufacture line nowadays take advantage and use of embedded technology in one or the other way. The majority of the embedded systems in automobiles are jagged in nature because nearly every system is made up of a single chip.

Embedded system facilitates them to fit easily under the confined lid of a car. It can be used to execute features starting from modification of the deferral to suit road conditions and the petroleum component in the fuel to anti lock braking systems and security systems. It can convert a dream into reality by developing a drive less vehicle control, as big and main automobile producers are already occupied in work on this philosophy. Ford has acknowledged a technology with the name called Adaptive Cruise Control. It lets cars to maintain a distance which is safe on busy roads and highways from other vehicles. The speed and distance of the car from other vehicles can be easily and quickly set by the driver with ease. The ACC computer inbuilt regularly controls the choke and brakes of the car. 

Future Scope of Embedded System:

Embedded systems market is expected to grow at an average annual growth rate (AAGR) of 13% over the period, rising from $32 billion in 1998 to nearly $67 billion in 2004.Software for embedded applications, which includes realtime operating systems and portable operating systems, will see the second highest growth, with an AAGR of over 16% through the period. Market heavyweights Microsoft and Sun have entered the embedded systems marketplace, their Windows CE and Java offerings, respectively.

Embedded processors, the largest segment in terms of revenue, will grow at 11.2% on average per year. Embedded systems are designed to do some specific task, rather than be a general-purpose computer for multiple tasks. Some also have real time performance constraints that must be met, for reasons such as safety and usability; others may have low or no performance requirements, allowing the system hardware to be simplified to reduce costs. 

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